Critical Analysis Starry Night over the Rhone Essay

Norris Freeman Art Appreciation Professor Gadson 20 February 2013 Critical Analysis: Starry Night Over the Rhone Vincent Van Gogh was a Dutch artist from the mid 1800’s who was considered to have created approximately 2000 artworks. Growing up, he was classified to be highly emotional and having low self-esteem. Within those depressed emotions, it helped him pioneer the path of expressionism in his art pieces. But as he got more into him artwork he came more mature with his artwork and caused his color patterns and brush strokes to evolve into another style of art called Impressionism. Starry Night Over the Rhone was one of his last ‘few years’ paintings. It was painted in September of 1888. The canvas resides in Musà ©e dOrsay,†¦show more content†¦Another interesting part of this canvas is the direction of the reflections showing from the water. Van Gogh tries gives us this sense of calm movement with the reflection of the lighting going in a downward course. Also, the artist shows the viewer the grouping from the stars, to the lights from the houses, to the refl ection form the water and which again it gives us the sense of the lighting going in a downward motion. Another main focal point in this canvas was subject matter. This is where the objects or events are described. The artist gives us different objects such as the old couple seems displayed as depressing. Or you can observe it as normal couple, walking across the river, enjoying the night. He also gives us a boat which could possibly be giving us a correlation because the boat looks like it’s broken or about to sink. There is also another interpretation with the object that Van Gogh displays which is, the stars. Depending upon which way you want to take it, they look like flowers or fireworks. Also, there is a sense of false appearance with the houses. If you stare at just the bank you will notice that it is just a bunch of bright lights but if you pay attention to the water close to the bank, you will acknowledge the darkness or shadow of the houses. What was the reason for Vincent Van Gogh creating the Starry Night Over

Tui University Eco201-Microeconomics Module 1 Case Assignment

TUI UNIVERSITY ECO201-Microeconomics Module 1 Case Assignment Dr. Currie â€Å"And for man to look upon himself as a capital good, even if it did not impair his freedom, may seem to debase him... by investing in themselves, people can enlarge the range of choice available to them. It is one way free men can enhance their welfare.† (Theodore William Schultz) Education is the foundation in which people build upon as they grow older in age. From birth to death we are constantly adding to the repertoire of knowledge that one may obtain through the proper channels of learning. As we look at an education we can see that it is an investment, kind of like a bank account. We can put money in the bank and let it sit for long periods of†¦show more content†¦Opportunity costs are the difference in return between a chosen investment and one that is necessarily passed up. So, in other words many people decide to invest into their future by using the educational system to groom them and prepare them for the workforce, whereas some other may decide to p lace formal education on the hypothetical back burner and work to generate income and wealth. The question arises through, are these individuals who place education aside really earning wealth as far as what their true potential is? Maybe, maybe not, but nevertheless to say people who invest in their future by gaining a wealth of knowledge earn more, are better prepared to take on bigger challenges and are able to draw from their vast array of knowledge in given situations. I do not believe that opportunity cost plays into the payment of tution while you are boosting your knowledge base. Opportunity cost as explained in the previous paragraph is difference in return between a chosen investment and one that is necessarily passed up. If you are attending college you are not passing up anything you are only gaining in the long run. Although, I can see where some individual’s may see where opportunity cost may play a part in the college experience for that fact that the money that is used to pay for tuition may be used to start a money market account, mutual fund, retirement funds and so on. Although all of these types of

Contract Law Consumer Law and fair Trading

Question: Describe about the Contract Law for Consumer Law and fair Trading. Answer: 1. According to Chapter 8 a contract is said to be valid only when there is an agreement between two or more parties which creates legally enforceable obligations and rights. Chapter 8 also says that for a contract to be valid it needs to satisfy six elements. The six elements are:(Lawhandbook, 2016) There must be an intention to create legal relations. There must be an agreement which means one person should make an offer and other person must accept that offer. There must be a consideration which means that something in value must be exchanged. Parties involved must understand the contractual rights and obligations. All the parties must agree on the terms of the contract. The contract must be legal. As per Chapter 15 a term is an important statement to at least one of the parties of a contract and most of the terms are classified as warranties or conditions. Terms which are essential to the operation of a contract are known as condition and which are not essential are known as warranties. In the current case of Bill and Jill the condition of the contract was that the weekly takings of the caf was $10,000 and the costs were $3,000. So as per the contract weekly profit should be $7,000. This term was very essential for the contract because on the basis of this tern the contract was signed as in the case of Luna Park Case.(The Sydney Morning Herald, 2016) If this condition is breached then both Bill and Jill would be in very serious trouble since they would be incurring losses every week. This was same as in the case of Bettini v Gye. As per Chapter 16 a contract can be discharged when any one of the party have breached a condition and then the injured party has the right to terminate the contract. In this case Dodgy Pty Ltd had breached his duty by giving false information in the contract. He should have informed that the weekly earnings from the caf are only $3,000 instead of $10,000. So Bill and Jill have the right to terminate the contract and sue the company for damages.(KM Standards LLC, 2016) As per Chapter 17 a remedy is a legal means of correcting damage or loss and the most common law remedy is damages which is an award of money. So to actually know whether damage exists or not one needs to perform a test for damage. In this case there was a breach of contract and the breach had even cause damage and loss to Bill and Jill. Loss was clearly identified, while signing the contract they expected a profit of $7,000 per week but actually they were incurring losses for $1,000. This means in total they were incurring losses for $8,000 which was same as Hadley v Baxendale and Victoria Laundry v Newman Industries.(Casebrief.me, 2016) Company knew about the situation that caf would actually incur losses. Bill and Jill can easily prove the amount of loss which they had suffered. The total amount of loss which they had suffered was $8,000.Hence company is liable to pay damage charges as per the case of David Securities v Commonwealth Bank , Pavey Mathews v Paul and Lumley v Wagner .(Deakin, 2016) 2. Part 1 The key areas of business law which would apply in this case are discussed below in detail. As per Chapter 3 a tort is a wrongful act which causes injury or loss to a person and the main purpose in this law is to award compensation and not punishment. The main part of tort law is negligence. When a plaintiff needs to prove that defendant was negligent then he needs to prove that defendant owned him a duty, defendant breached duty and plaintiff suffered harm due to such breach. As in the case of Donoghue v Stevenson it is very important that person must take reasonable care so that acts and omissions could be avoided which could harm other people. The main part is to know that whether the harm was reasonably foreseeable. Similar points were discussed in the cases of Sullivan v Moody, Modbury Triangle Shopping Centre v Anzil and Roads and Traffic Authority v Dederer. (FindLaw, 2016) As per Civil Liability Acts 2003, to prove that a defendant have breached duty of care three tests needs to be proved which are risk was foreseeable, risk was not significant and if any other person was there then he would have taken reasonable precautions. Four factors should be taken into consideration for breach of duty of care which are Probability that harm would occur if care was not taken (Bolton v Stone), seriousness of the harm (Rogers v Whitaker), burden which is to be taken to avoid harm and social utility.(NSW, 2016) Due to the breach of duty by the defendant, plaintiff was directly affected and harm was cause to him then such situations are called as Factual Causation. The same was described in the case of Alexander v Cambridge Credit Corporation Ltd. As per Chapter 14 and Competition and Consumer Act 2010 states that a consumer is a person who satisfies at least one of the following Involved in the purchase of any transportation. Costs $40,000 or less. Purchases goods for personal or household use. (Australian Government, 2016) As per Section 18 of the Act if any person has made a comment in public which is false or misleading then he comes under this section. A person would be held under misleading conduct if he had made any misleading statements like in the case of Henjo v Collins. Even in the case of Accounting Systems 2000 v CCH some false guaranties and warranties were made but these were not intentional. This test would include that person who is selling their products to the public. An Unconscionable conduct is a contract where parties are involved in trade or commerce who should not take unfair advantage of another partys disability like poor skills. The same was discussed in the case of Commercial Bank v Amadio. (Australian Contract Law, 2016) Consumers are also protected by the Consumer guarantees when they have purchased, leased or hired and goods or services costing $40,000 or less. As per Section 54 of the Act goods which are sold in the public must be regarded as safe, durable and free from defects. The said goods must be fit and acceptable from the look at which it is being sold. The goods must not be enforceable if the consumer were aware about the defects. As per Section 60 of the Act guarantee must be provided in relation to goods and services. The services which are performed in public must be delivered with reasonable skill and care and should also be delivered within a reasonable period of time. As per Part 3 and 5 manufacturers and importers would be considered liable for any loss, injury or damage if the product produced but them have a defect. Part 2 In the given case Hugh was wrong in most of the case. He was running a pizza business where the pizza was initially delivered by Ubereats and then by his so n through their case. But when his son was delivering pizza through his car then he had made a false advertisement that pizza was delivered by Uber Pizza Delivery. Apart from this he had also given one more false information which was about the cheese used in the pizza. Actually he was using old and some substitute cheese in his pizza but he had advertised that his pizza is filled with freshest ingredients with cheeses which are straight from the farm,. Due to such false statements and advertisement of Hugh customers were falling sick and one of the customers have even died while eating his pizza.(legalaid.wa.gov.au, 2016) Actions which needs to be taken against him was to be taken by the family of the died customer and even the general public. He had made a product which was unsafe for the public. If action is taken against them then as per Civil and Criminal breaches of ACL Hugh would be entitle to pay fine up to $1.1 Million for companies and $220,000 for individuals. Here Hugh is an individual so he would be entitled to pay penalty for an amount of $220,000. After the payment of this fine by Hugh then as per Section 223 of the ACL a public warning notice must be issued against the company. (NSW, 2016)Notice should clearly state that the Hughs pizza is very harmful for the public so it is better to please avoid the pizza. Consumers can easily take action against him in small claims Tribunals or special divisions of the lower courts. They main aim is to offer dispute resolution which is generally quick, inexpensive fair and less formal. The claim which is made by the consumers should also be under th e monetary limit of the given law.(austlii.edu.au, 2016) Bibliography austlii.edu.au, 2016. AUSTRALIAN CONSUMER LAW AND FAIR TRADING ACT 2012 - SECT 3. [Online] Available at: https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/vic/consol_act/aclafta2012372/s3.html [Accessed 12th September 2016]. Australian Contract Law, 2016. Commercial Bank of Australia Ltd v Amadio. [Online] Available at: https://www.australiancontractlaw.com/cases/amadio.html [Accessed 9th September 2016]. Australian Government, 2016. Competition and Consumer Act 2010. [Online] Available at: https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C2011C00003 [Accessed 9th September 2016]. Casebrief.me, 2016. Victoria Laundry v Newman Industries. [Online] Available at: https://casebrief.me/casebriefs/victoria-laundry-v-newman-industries/ [Accessed 9th September 2016]. Deakin, 2016. David Securities v Commonwealth Bank. [Online] Available at: https://www.hcourt.gov.au/assets/justices/coper_hca3_dawson.pdf [Accessed 9th September 2016]. FindLaw, 2016. Elements of a Negligence Case. [Online] Available at: https://injury.findlaw.com/accident-injury-law/elements-of-a-negligence-case.html [Accessed 9th September 2016]. KM Standards LLC, 2016. Termination Upon Breach. [Online] Available at: https://www.contractstandards.com/clauses/termination-upon-breach [Accessed 9th September 2016]. Lawhandbook, 2016. Elements of a contract. [Online] Available at: https://www.lawhandbook.org.au/07_01_02_elements_of_a_contract/ [Accessed 9th September 2016]. legalaid.wa.gov.au, 2016. Negligence. [Online] Available at: https://www.legalaid.wa.gov.au/INFORMATIONABOUTTHELAW/BIRTHLIFEANDDEATH/PERSONALINJURY/Pages/Negligence.aspx [Accessed 12th September 2016]. NSW, 2016. AUSTRALIAN CONSUMER LAW AND FAIR TRADING ACT 2012. [Online] Available at: https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/vic/num_act/aclafta201221o2012418/ [Accessed 9th September 2016]. NSW, 2016. CIVIL LIABILITY ACT 2002. [Online] Available at: https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/cla2002161/ [Accessed 9th September 2016]. The Sydney Morning Herald, 2016. Two guilty in Luna Park contempt case. [Online] Available at: https://www.smh.com.au/national/two-guilty-in-luna-park-contempt-case-20070817-twq.html [Accessed 9th September 2016].

Individual Behaviour Essay Example

Individual Behaviour Essay ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR MSC 42102 Individual Processes Attitude and Values Organizational Behavior Submitted To :Submitted By : Dr. Pramod PathakAjit Vinod Kujur Manwendra Prakash Anshul Rawat Prateek Purty Prateeksha Maurya Individual Processes Individual behavior is how we as individuals behave ourselves. This behavior is subject to many personal traits as well as habits, values, perceptions, and other qualities and features. People make assumptions about those whom they work with, supervise, or spend time with in leisure activities. To some extent, these assumptions influence the person’s behavior towards others. Effective employees understand what affects their own behavior before attempting to influence the behavior of others. Individual behavior is the foundation of organizational performance. Understanding individual behavior, therefore, is crucial for effective management. Each person is a physiological system composed of a number of subsystems- attitudes, perception, personality, needs, values and feelings. Attitude A tendency to feel behave in a particular way towards objects, people or events. Characteristics Remain unchanged for a long period unless influenced by external forces * Evaluative statements favorable or  unfavorable Components * Cognitive the opinions, values or  beliefs of an individual * Affective the feelings of a person towards something * Behavioral the intention of a person to behave in a particular way Sources of  Attitude * Attitudes are acquired by parents, teache rs, peer group members * Individuals are willing to modify their  behavior shape their attitude to match with the opinion leader   * Attitude can be changed by providing feedback We will write a custom essay sample on Individual Behaviour specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Individual Behaviour specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Individual Behaviour specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Types of  Attitude * Job satisfaction * The pleasurable or positive emotional state that results when an individual evaluates his job or job experience. Dimensions * It is an emotional response to a job. * The satisfaction that an individual derives from his  job depends on the extent to which outcomes meet his expectations. * Job satisfaction reflects other attitudes of employee. * 6 dimensions (P. C. Smith, L. M Kendall, C. L. Hulin) i. e. 1) The work 2) The pay 3) Promotion 4) Opportunity 5) Supervision 6) Co-worker 7) Working conditions Job Involvement * The extent to which person identifies himself psychologically with his job, actively participates in it considers that his performance in the job contribute to his self worth * Organizational Commitment * An employee’s satisfaction with a particular  organization its goals OC is affected by a number of * Personal variables – employee’s age, attitude towards job. * Organizational variables job design, leadership style of the superior. John P. Meyer Natalie J. Allen gave 3 component model i. . * Affective commitment – It is concerned with employee’s emotional attachment involvement with the organization * Continuance commitment – It is influenced by the costs that could accrue to the employee if he leaves the org * Normative commitment – It refers to the extent to which an employee feels obliged to continue in the organization. Functions of Attitudes * The adjustment function * People modify their attitudes to adjust to their work environment * When fair treatment is given – positive attitude When treatment is not good – negative attitude * Ego-defensive function * Attitudes help employee to defend their self  image when mistake identified protects their ego * The value expressive function * Values can be expressed through attitudes E. g. if mgr wants employee to work hard may tell company has a tradition of hard work. * The knowle dge function * Attitudes act as a standard of reference which allows people to understand explain their environment. E. g. Union leader’s attitude towards management based on past. Attitudes Consistency * People may change their attitude do not contradict their action * If any discrepancy arises, individuals will try to bridge the discrepancy by developing a rational explanation for  the discrepancy. Cognitive Dissonance Theory – Leon Festinger (1950s) * Cognitive dissonance Incompatibility that an individual may perceive between 2 or more of his attitudes or between his behavior and attitude. * Emotional dissonance Conflict between the emotions an individual experiences emotions he needs to express An individual can deal with dissonance either by * Sticking to his attitude * Give up his attitude * Change the attitude Values Values are enduring beliefs that a specific mode of conduct or end state of existence is personally or socially preferable to an opposite or converse mode of conduct or end state of existence. Values in the Workplace * Stable, evaluative beliefs that guide our preferences * Define right or wrong, good or bad * Value system hierarchy of values Values and Behavior Habitual behavior usually consistent with values, but conscious behavior less so because values are abstract constructs * Decisions and behavior are linked to values when: * Mindful of our values have logical reasons to apply values in that situation * Situation does not interfere Values Congruence * Used where two or more entities have similar value systems * Problems with incongruence * Incompatible decisions * Lower satisfaction/loyalty * Higher stress and turnover Benefits of incongruence * Bett er decision making (diverse perspectives) * Avoids â€Å"corporate cults† Values across Cultures: Individualism and Collectivism * Degree that people value duty to their group (collectivism) versus independence and person uniqueness (individualism) * Previously considered opposites, but unrelated i. e. possible to value high individualism and high collectivism Ethical Behavior Ethical Behavior means acting in ways consistent with one’s personal values and the commonly held values of the organization and society. Qualities Required for Ethical Decision-making * The competence to identify ethical issues and evaluate the consequences of alternative courses of action. The self-confidence to seek out different opinions about the issue and decide what is right in terms of a situation. * Tough-mindedness the willingness to make decisions when all that needs to be known cannot be known and when the ethical issue has no established, unambiguous solution. Values, Ethics Ethical Behavior * Value Systems systems of beliefs that affect what the individual de fines as right, good, and fair * Ethics reflects the way values are acted out * Ethical behavior actions consistent with one’s values